A humble people free essay sample

Rundown the positive and the negative things Bingham says about the British. In the content are sure and negative things said about the British. Bingham is of the sentiment that the positive things about British are that they are Imaginative and unique, tolerant and that they are at any rate not French. In any case, he additionally accepts that there are numerous awful things as well. Initially, he specifies that there are issues in the public arena. Besides he says that there is a need training. Moreover the administrators and government officials join more regrettable traits like ravenous, awkward and unpleasant. Lastly other awful things about British is as per Bingham that they detest their climate, the open administrations incredibly terrible, the house costs are extremely high, the streets Jammed, the football crew not very great and that they drink to a lot. b) How does the creator see multiculturalism in Britain today? Portray how, as per him, multiculturalism was distinctive previously. We will compose a custom exposition test on A modest people or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The creators see is that multiculturalism In Britain today causes less troubles than previously. He makes reference to that a few people say that multiculturalism causes issues in light of racial and strict pressures (1. 27-28) however he is persuaded this wont be another test on the off chance that it exists. As per him, multiculturalism in the past was constantly joined with terrible habits like a blade in the tummy (1. 31) in the age of the Vikings or campfires, stakes and apostates (1. 32) in the sixteenth century. 2. Investigation Look at the style of the content consider *tone and *irony. Depict the impact on the peruser. The creator utilizes formal language yet additionally consolidates everyday components. He is recognized by his persuasiveness. Joining a raised style with conversational language gives a comic impact. The content differs in the utilization of basic and complex sentence development. The content is written in an unexpected style and contains numerous decorative designations. The content contains numerous comic components. The tone of the content Is silly. The jargon Is broad. Exposition about A modest people By Pantapon 1 . Appreciation sentiment that the positive things about British are that they are creative and stuck, the football crew not all that great and that they drink to a lot. The creators see is that multiculturalism in Britain today causes less troubles than in view of racial and strict pressures (1. 27-28) yet he is persuaded this wont fancy sobriquets. The content contains numerous comic components. The tone of the content is amusing. The jargon is broad.

4th Of the World Lives In The Third World †Economics Essay

3/fourth Of the World Lives In The Third World †Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers 3/fourth Of the World Lives In The Third World Economics Essay â€Å"More than three fourths of the world’s populace live in creating nations however they just appreciate 16% of the world’s salary while the most extravagant 20% have 85% of worldwide income.† Regardless of these alarming measurements, worry for the creating nations of the world is an ongoing wonder. The Second World War appears to have been a significant defining moment in the battle against destitution, with numerous warriors coming back from the â€Å"backward† nations of the world understanding the kinds of dreadful day to day environments that numerous individuals in the creating scene despite everything suffer today. In fact the majority of global bodies empowering advancement, for example, the World Bank and the United Nations’ improvement offices, were just settled after World War Two. Moreover, the effective usage of the Marshall Plan, a program during which immense amounts of physical capital and specialized help were given by the US to the war-stricken nations of Europe, started new scholastic enthusiasm for improvement financial aspects as expert business analysts contemplated their own advancement forms. Financial experts were in a specific way o blivious to the monetary development forms in to a great extent agrarian creating nations with minimal present day financial structures. Introductory approaches to battle underdevelopment concentrated on quick capital aggregation, similar to those set forward in the Marshall Plan, to build laborer profitability and subsequently increment GNP/Capita (Capital fundamentalism). During the 1950s and 60s many creating nations achieved what financial specialists at the time accepted to be improvement; this being continued development paces of 5-7%. Anyway ways of life in numerous nations didn't change, as development was inconsistent circulated. This was to a great extent due to the financial, social, and institutional contrasts among created and creating nations. All the more as of late exact investigations by American financial analyst Hollis B Chenery have attempted to give progressively scientific and target apparatuses to battle underdevelopment. Improvement isn't only a proportion of the normal citizen’s capacity to purchase merchandise and ventures but instead a perplexing procedure including major basic changes in the economy, â€Å"redistribution from growth†, higher paces of absolute factor profitability and the demolition of destitution, just as quickening monetary development. One creating economy that embodies a considerable lot of the encounters, over a wide span of time, of a lot less created nations today is that of Kenya. The auxiliary changes saw as economies move over the improvement direction, just as why Kenya’s sectoral portions of GNP represented by horticulture, assembling and administrations contrast from Chenery’s gauges that will be the focal point of this exposition. As a creating economy moves along the improvement direction, one of the most significant basic changes is the substitution of horticulture as the fundamental segment of creation by the more beneficial assembling and administration parts. This change is intrinsic in the development procedure given the contrasting qualities among agrarian and producing products. Right off the bat, most of agrarian items are substandard merchandise; they have inelastic salary flexibility, though some assembling products have pay versatility more prominent than solidarity. Accordingly as people’s livelihoods ascend there will be a not exactly proportionate increment in the interest for rural items. Then again their interest for fabricated products will increment. This clarifies a further basic change in the economy. The extent of customer request represented by food (and other essential necessities) falls while the extent spent on assorted fabricated products and on administration increments. ENGELS LAW FROM INTERMEDIATE MICRO BOOK Furthermore, on the creation side, agrarian creation regularly displays expiring comes back to scale. Increments in profitability because of mechanical advancement, permit more noteworthy pay, and are routinely lacking to accommodate a quickly expanding populace, as the estimation of complete item is shared between the laborers. These Malthusian weights urge laborers to look for work in the cutting edge area in the start of the advancement procedure. Towards the finish of the improvement direction, capital serious strategies may well serve to expand this excess work. Conversely the assembling area, where all components of creation are variable, profits by expanding comes back to scale. Along these lines firms wish to grow yield so as to additionally cut log run normal expense. In the Lewis hypothesis of advancement this extension is encouraged by the development of work from provincial networks to an increasingly urban lifestyle. The Lewis Model of Modern-Sector Growth in a Two-Secto r Surplus-Labor Economy The Lewis model glances at the exchange of this excess work. He guesses that a pay differential of 30% between resource ranch work and work in the cutting edge area will be sufficient make up for the monetary and social expense of changing to a urban lifestyle. In a specific way the cost will be adjusted by the fascination of what we would group as fundamental courtesies, for example, sanitation, power, instruction and wellbeing administrations. This mass country urban relocation is another key basic change as an economy creates. With more prominent access to wellbeing offices and instructive structures the nature of human capital will increment. A capable and taught work power will think that its simpler to adjust to new innovation in the cutting edge part in this way expanding work efficiency. Without a doubt, alongside more prominent mindfulness and availability to conception prevention family size and populace development rates will diminish. A key factor adding to a littler fami ly size is the nature of human capital that the family creates as guardians depend on their youngsters for financial security later on. An informed kid will ideally be increasingly employable and win a higher pay in the advanced area either in the creating nation or abroad. The exchange off among present and future advantages and expenses of kids can be found in the chart underneath: NOTES FROM DEV ECON One limitation on the basic change of a creating nation is the filtering of its exceptionally talented and proficient classes to created nations. This can be viewed as an aberrant open door cost for the creating economy as government use on something besides making high pay openings for work may have added to a misfortune in human capital. Another key point of convergence in the Lewis model is the development of yield and work in the advanced mechanical part. This is accomplished by another auxiliary change in the creating economy, the extents of GNP Saved and contributed expanding. This permits a consistent gathering of both human and physical capital. Lewis accept that all the benefits are reinvested into the creation procedure, purchasing progressively cash-flow to copy the procedure and in this manner making greater work. This presumption appears to be unreasonable as firms may wish to reduce the expenses of creation, in light of a legitimate concern for rivalry, by putting resources in the process of childbirth sparing advances. A global imperative on this auxiliary change is the event of capital flight, where organizations put their benefits abroad for the most part in Western banks as opposed to reinvesting it in the creating economy. Chart ON LEWIS MODEL AND MINOR ANNOTATIONS! The arrangement of fares likewise shows proof of the auxiliary change in the extents of GNP with the portion of fabricated fares in GNP just as in all out fares expanding and the portion of essential fares in complete fares diminishing. These figures might be interrelated as in a bigger assembling area will require an expanded volume of crude materials that might be effectively delivered locally. Other contributing variables to the decline of essential fares incorporate; the value unpredictability of essential products in worldwide markets, the relative higher net revenues on completed merchandise and furthermore the consolation of private outside speculation using charge motivating forces and so on. The government’s income as an extent of GNP likewise increments as an economy creates. This ideally permits the administration to plan progressively viable approaches in the battle against underdevelopment. Use on training builds all out factor profitability, with essential giving the most elevated social degree of profitability. Thus use on the physical foundation of a nation, for example, transportation and correspondence joins, likewise aids exchange opening up new markets and bringing down haulage costs. The government’s charge approach additionally assumes a functioning job in the salary conveyance inside the economy. The structure of salary conveyance additionally changes as an economy creates with the extent of GNP got by the most elevated 20% of pay workers ascending toward the start of the improvement at that point falling. Moreover the extent of national pay earned by the most reduced 40% falls at that point rises. An unforgiving backward expense approach may offset this freshly discovered salary for the most unfortunate individuals in the public arena. The auxiliary changes introduced so far can be found in American financial analyst Hollis Chenery’s exact examinations into advancement designs. Chenery’s investigate takes a gander at the vital however not adequate changes in financial, social, and institutional factors after some time that permit a conventional worker farming economy to transform into an economy that depends on increasingly stable assembling and administration parts as both the fundamental segment and energizer of GNP. In his exploration paper â€Å"Development Patterns: Among Countries and Over Time† Chenery parts the nations into littler s

Free Essay on Eugenics

Free Essay on Eugenics Free Essay on Eugenics Genetic counseling concentrated on the possibility that the heredity was everything. How significant is such a point of view corresponding to guiltiness today? This paper centers around parts of genetic counseling as a component that has for quite a while in history been considered as fundamental in controlling human generation. The paper tended to the different eugenic practice in the late nineteenth century and mid twentieth century, just as in the contemporary world, especially in the western half of the globe. The primary reasons why certain human racial gatherings grasp the utilization of this training are likewise tended to. The pertinence of genetic counseling to the different social orders utilized, comparable to culpability today, are broadly talked about in this paper. Genetic counseling is a plan that is broadly used to upgrade an improved human race through a controlled propagation. This is a training that got normal, arriving at much fame between the late nineteenth century and the Second World War (Glass 1999, p. 89). A genuine case of the wide utilization of eugenic standards was the point at which the German Nazis conveyed huge disinfection and slaughter. Different selective breeding structures have been polished over the universe and are successful in contemporary China, where the populace is carefully restricted. Significant progressions look into in medication, for example, the human genome venture, the general public, is as yet endeavoring to determine different issues of morals rising up out of eugenic speculations (Glass 1999, p. 89). Selective breeding is the training and hypothesis that has been utilized to improve the nonexclusive nature of the human populace; it is a social way of thinking which advocates hereditary qualities of mankind, by advancing higher multiplication of people with certain ideal characteristics and decreasing individuals of less wanted attributes (Weikart 2006, p. 57). Positive genetic counseling support higher multiplication of people while pessimistic selective breeding is seen as a subverting component to humankind, since people apparent to have a place with such classification face the danger of being murdered as a method of end. In the twentieth century, belief systems coming about because of negative Eugenics prompted mass decimation of the Jews during the Hitler’s system. End of people concerning attributes of race and ethnicity has usually been utilized in mass homicide of specific populaces in Europe and North America (Weikart 2006, p. 57). For example, the slaughter of th e local Indians in the North American districts is a genuine case of racial profiling rising up out of eugenic belief systems. Genetic counseling considered the heredity as everything and numerous people didn't need certain characteristics to be passed to the succeeding age. Certain qualities were viewed as mediocre by certain gatherings and confronted the danger of being killed. In the mid twentieth century, social Darwinist saw clinical consideration as moderately powerless and an expanded capacity to endure, as opposed to letting nature take its proper way of compelling end of individuals (Weikart 2006, p. 57). In Germany, dread was developing among specific people that the mediation of doctors and government assistance strategies empowered frail and moderately extemporized residents to sap and endure the nation’s assets. Such philosophies rising up out of specific sub-racial gatherings in Germany communicated how genetic counseling were considered as everything. Most gatherings who bolstered such philosophies felt that the more vulnerable racial or ethnic gatherings, didn't reserve any privilege t o utilize the country’s assets (Weikart 2006, p. 57). Starting with one district then onto the next, the method of arriving at the determination that a gathering was second rate exceptionally differed. Backing for selective breeding in the mid twentieth century was normal across different districts of the world, particularly in North America and Europe. There were developments across different locales on the side of genetic counseling, transparently supporting more birth paces of the fittest people and less for the unfit (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). Individuals who upheld the powerless or unfit populace bunches in the general public were profoundly condemned and the term â€Å"racial hygiene† was acquainted with empower parts of selective breeding. For example, a development chief in the United States, Margaret Sanger proclaimed more youngsters from the fit and less for the unfit as the key issue of controlled birth rate (Ferguson, 2012, p. 83). This idea by Sanger was promptly acknowledged by networks over the US during the principal decade of the twentieth century. By 1912, an aggregate of 34 states in the US had just passed laws that properly denied crazy individuals the privilege of marriage. Nine states denied epileptic individuals the privilege of marriage while 15 states restricted the simple-minded individuals from wedding one another. Criminal equity of this period kept on being incredibly spurred by both monetary and social contemplations in their contentions that, different moronic residents would not be permitted to pass their bothersome attributes to the age that followed (KüHl 2002, p. 49). Eugenic belief systems turned out to be progressively basic all through the period before the Second World War. Western Europe was described by comparative eugenic belief systems with criminal judges of different European nations totally on the side of such eugenic thinking. The criminal equity frameworks of different nations during this time, upheld bunches thought to be fit by the specialists (Turda Weindling 2006, 107). The unfit gathering s were not secured by the adjudicators and didn't have the privileges of marriage much of the time. The advocates of genetic counseling usually assumed a significant job in nationalistic feelings of trepidation of weakened supply of race. In Europe, issues of race were utilized in eugenic profiling excepting different sub racial gatherings in the area from increasing. The US for the most part held eugenic belief systems with respect to normal incapacities, for example, mental and physical difficulties. Before the Second World War, driving doctors and scientists invited a thought by Hitler, one race at the encapsulation of the new territory of Germany (Marrus 1989, p. 90). This came about into inhumane imprisonments just as hereditary research on individuals that characterized the Holocaust. The contemporary eugenic philosophies The mid twentieth century anticipated hundred thousand of Americans who were viewed as unfit, coercively being disinfected for what was named as a procedure of improving humankind. The Criminal Justice in one of its darkest chronicled parts endorsed the procedure announcing that three ages of unfit Americans were sufficient. It was to be expected for some Americans during this opportunity to regard the networks they thought about unfit or powerless, as nothing of the sort. Such people group lived as the most defenseless gathering in the area. This is probably the darkest part of the United States, which was pervasively portrayed by significant hostile of the network just as the Criminal Justice (Thomson 1998, p. 102). The west coast territory of California had higher instances of eugenic laws indicating more elevated levels of racial profiling in the America’s History. Over the most recent couple of decades, eugenic belief systems are as yet basic among people and criminal equity of the US, however at a gentle rate. As per disclosures by another report arranged by the Center of Investigative revealing, it was discovered that somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2010 components of genetic counseling occurred in a social insurance Center, in California (Bauman 2013, p. 44). In this report, specialists working under agreement at the Californian Correction and Rehabilitation office were asserted to have sanitized in any event 150 female prisoners with no endorsement from pertinent specialists. So as to clean such individuals, it required endorsements from the top clinical authority in the Sacramento, as required by the Californian state law. These are stunning disclosures when a great many people considered issues eugenic didn't make a difference any longer (Bauman 2013, p. 44). The disclosure is a genuine declaration that, in the contemporary America, g enetic counseling are as yet considered as exceptionally significant among specific people. Issues of controlled birth rates are profoundly famous in the western social orders. Despite the fact that issues of eugenic philosophies are very little wild in the area, there are bunches that are racially segregated and face the danger of being disinfected in opposition to their desire. Numerous wellbeing experts in the western social orders contend; the expense of being sanitized is moderately little when contrasted with the expense of raising a bigger number of kids. Specialists in the United States are infrequently revealed having been occupied with cleaning strategies of detainees, particularly female prisoners (Bauman 2013, p. 44). As a rule, these specialists ask about the size of inmates’ families before performing disinfecting methods. Most focused on detainees were compelled to have different tubal ligations. Detainees with various kids were sanitized as doctors communicated their techniques was just intended to enable the detainees to have reasonable families. In the United States, people with numerous youngsters think that its troublesome financing the childhood of the huge number of kids. For prisoners, having countless youngsters is viewed as a weight to the general public, as kids need someone to deal with them (Hasian 1996, p. 68). Issues of genetic counseling belief systems on the prisoner networks are normally revealed across various conditions of the US. The greater part of these surgeons don't look for endorsement of the state as it is taken as a respectable demonstration. Progressively conceivable clarifications by different expert specialists who have been performing disinfections, state cleansing as a methodology is normally never really individuals who volunteer to have themselves sanitized. These sp ecialists feel assuming the aggregate liability of guaranteeing that individuals have lesser, and effectively sensible number of youngsters would be perfect for quality life (Hasian 1996, p. 68). For such reasons, prisoners with a major number of kids should confront comparative systems to guarantee kids are offered the best personal satisfaction. The North American locale, especially the US, has for a long time been described mind

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The vocation that I might want to accomplish is the one that I have dream of since my father roused me as a young man. I have for a long while been itching to be a protection official for northern Michigan. A preservation official must have the option to play out all the errands set before him. A portion of these are authorizing fish and untamed life laws, watching and ensuring parks and woods, and keeping up nature. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning an expert standard in the activity field hard. This not just represents a physical test, it header’s my point of view. I not just observe thing an alternate way additionally pick up thing in an alternate manner. For me I am a sound-related, hands on student. As preservation official they ought to likewise be capable impart verbally and nonverbally with individuals and manage significant levels of weight. All together for a protection official to be fruitful, that why I am here at like state deferring with my physical impediment. To arrive at these fantasies here at lake express the PC innovation is off the visits I have a hp PC that I have programming that I can peruse to me called read please and I can peruse to my PC with mythical serpent. I likewise have a filtering pen that works extraordinary for schoolwork and notes. I likewise got a computerized recording device that will connect to my PC and I can cloister that in to composed later notes. The ORSC can get any books on tap for me and I can reduce to him as opposed to perusing them with all the innovation I can file my objectives her at lake state. I talked with Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his brief timeframe there, he said that he had discovered that it was critical to chip in your time as an understudy. He moved on from Central Michigan University two years a go. He disclosed to me that planned managers took a gander at his graduation records and in the event that he had invested any energy as a volunteer while going to school it would have helped his activity possibilities. He spoke a little about his activity and what he does. He truly doesn't have a common day, however a few days he strolling ranch fields to ensure that ranchers are cultivating the land they guarantee to be cultivating. A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The vocation that I might want to accomplish is the one that I have dream of since my father enlivened me as a young man. I have for a long while been itching to be a protection official for northern Michigan. A preservation official must have the option to play out all the errands set before him. A portion of these are implementing fish and natural life laws, watching and securing parks and timberlands, and keeping up the earth. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning an expert standard in the activity field hard. This not just represents a physical test, it header’s my point of view. I not just observe thing an alternate way additionally get the hang of thing in an alternate manner. For me I am a sound-related, hands on student. As preservation official they ought to likewise be capable impart verbally and nonverbally with individuals and manage significant levels of weight. All together for a protection official to be fruitful, that why I am here at like state deferring with my physical impairment. To arrive at these fantasies here at lake express the PC innovation is off the visits I have a hp PC that I have programming that I can peruse to me called read please and I can peruse to my PC with mythical beast. I likewise have an examining pen that works incredible for schoolwork and notes. I additionally got an advanced recording device that will connect to my PC and I can religious community that in to composed later notes. The ORSC can get all books on tap for me and I can reduce to him as opposed to perusing them with all the innovation I can chronicle my objectives her at lake state. I talked with Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his brief timeframe there, he said that he had discovered that it was critical to chip in your time as an understudy. He moved on from Central Michigan University two years a go. He revealed to me that imminent bosses took a gander at his graduation records and on the off chance that he had invested any energy as a volunteer while going to school it would have helped his activity possibilities. He spoke a little about his activity and what he does. He truly doesn't have a run of the mill day, yet a few days he strolling ranch fields to ensure that ranchers are cultivating the land they guarantee to be cultivating.

Discussion# 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion# 2 - Assignment Example This technique is fitting where an analyst has an equivalent possibility of choosing every unit of a populace required for the examination. The other sort of likelihood strategy is orderly example. The technique involves gathering of different examples from explicit arrangements of the units required in the examination (Gravetter and Forzano, 2011). There are five basic kinds of non-likelihood examining that analysts will in general use when doing an investigation. One of these sorts is known as standard inspecting. In this specific technique, the principle point that scientists target is the gatherings centered must be corresponding with the populace being contemplated. The other kind of non-likelihood technique is accommodation testing. In this strategy, scientists figure out how to remember different units for the example that are effectively to get to. The other kind is purposive examining. This technique is the place a specialist depends on his own judgment in choosing different units essential for the examination. The other kind is self-choice testing. This strategy involves a few units or cases to pick all alone to take an interest in the investigation. The fifth sort of non-likelihood strategy is snow examining. This technique is fitting when the populace important to take an interest in the investigation is covered up o r the specialist can't figure out how to discover it in a simple manner (Gravetter and Forzano, 2011). The most widely recognized kinds of inspecting techniques found in nursing research reports are those identified with non-likelihood testing. A large portion of these strategies incorporate, purposive examining, share inspecting and snowball testing (Gravetter and Forzano, 2011). This techniques bolster subjective research where medical caretakers are for the most part worried about the procedure of the examination as opposed to the result (Gravetter and Forzano, 2011). Danger of choosing a terrible example: This involves deciding the potential results that may rise when a scientist will in general select an example not of criticalness significance in the examination (Gravetter and Forzano,

Subsidies Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Introduction Following its election to power in May 2015, the British Conservative Government announced a Spending Review in which it set outs its vision for restructuring the UK economy, with the specific purpose of reducing the public deficit (Muinzer, 2015). A key announcement made in the Spending Review, and currently out for public consultation, is the proposal to make significant cuts to the solar power subsidy scheme which has been in operation for the past five years (Clark, 2015). Debate rages between detractors and supporters of the proposals of the possible economic and environmental impact of the changes. The purpose of this report is to discuss and evaluate the outcomes of the policy changes, should they be enacted from January 2016. The paper proceeds as follows. In order to understand the likely impact of the changes, it is necessary to appreciate the political, environmental and economic context in which the solar power subsidies were first initiated; thus, the opening section of the report provides an overview of, and background to the current policy framework, and a more detailed discussion of the proposed changes. Next, the economic impact of the changes is discussed, followed by an evaluation of the environmental changes. A brief conclusion summarises the papers key points. An overview of the current and proposed policy framework Support for solar power generation in the UK is comprised of two key subsidy packages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Renewables Obligation (RO) scheme and the Feed in Tariff (FiT) scheme (Kay, 2015). The Renewable Obligations scheme is a broad package of support which places a duty on the countrys licensed electricity suppliers to source a certain proportion of their electricity from renewable sources including biomass, hydroelectric, wind power, tidal power and solar power (photovoltaic cells, also known as solar PV) (Wood and Dow, 2011). The obligation was initially set at 3 per cent, rising to 15.4 per cent in 2015. The current total subsidy that is available to RO generators is estimated at some  £500 million per year up to 2037 (Knowles, 2013). The Feed in Tariff scheme is in essence a small-scale version of the RO (Kay, 2015). It was launched in 2010 and was aimed at providing subsidies for installations of solar power generation of under 50 kilowatts (kW) at the household and firm level (Cherrington, Goodship, Longfield and Kirwan, 2013). Under the terms of the scheme, firms and householders are rewarded with a payment for every kilowatt hour (kWh) of renewable power that they generate for use on their own premises, and additional payment for unused power that can be exported back to the grid and redistributed for use elsewhere (Allan, Eromenko, Gilmartin, Kockar andMcGregor, 2015). Although, like the RO, the FiT can be used to support the generation of power from a myriad of renewable sources, solar power is the technology that dominates the scheme. According to Kay (2015, p. 38), Solar PV accounts for 98.8% of the installations under FiT since 2010 and 84.5% of capacity. Generally, both schemes have been highly successful, which, paradoxically, analysts highlight as the key driver for the proposed policy changes. Grubb (2014, p. 339), for example, argues that the FiT in particular has become a victim of its own success: the solar surprise combin ed unimagined rates of growth with rapid cost reductions. In 2014, the UK capacity for solar PV increased by some 81 per cent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" more than double that of the previous year (Kay, 2015). However, the government has announced that it can no longer afford to subsidise solar power production. In announcing the proposals, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) stated that If cost control measures are not implemented or effective in ensuring that expenditure under the scheme is affordable and sustainable, government proposes that the only alternative would be to end generation tariffs for new applicants as soon as legislatively possible, which we expect to be January 2016, while keeping the export tariff as a route to market for the renewable electricity they generate (cited in Morales, 2015, online). It is proposed that subsidies to the solar power programme will be reduced by up to 87 per cent from January 2016 (Morales, 2015). The budget for support for ass istance on renewable installations is likely to be capped at  £75 million pounds to March 2019, and end thereafter, while subsidies under the FiT programme would fall to 1.63 pence per kWh from the current value of 12.47 pence (Newbery, 2015). The economic impact of the policy changes Discussion on the economic impact of the policy changes has been focused on the microeconomic impact (specifically pertaining to the solar power industry itself), and the wider macroeconomic impact. At the microeconomic level, it is argued that the survival of the embryonic, yet burgeoning solar power industry would be under threat if the proposals were to become reality (MacAlister, 2015). Firstly, industry analysts are anxious of a rush on the solar power market caused by the establishment of a target date for the cuts to the FiT scheme. Demand for solar installations are likely to surge among those seeking to get cheap installations before subsidies are removed (MacAlister, 2015). For instance, even though the policy proposals have not been confirmed or implemented, industry supplier Energy My Way is now calling on consumers to get solar panels on your roof before 31 December 2015 to lock in the Solar Feed in Tariff for 20 years (Eades, 2015, online). Accommodating such enormous demand in such a small amount of time can cause a drop in the quality and performance of installations, which may lead to supplier closures (Eades, 2015). There is also the possibility of closures arising as a consequence of lowered demand for solar power installations and the job losses that may ensue (Mathieson, 2015). The lowering and removal of subsidies will make solar power less competitive relative to alternative forms of power, including both renewables and fossil fuels (Reid and Wynn, 2015). This will likely spur consumers that are considering switching to renewable energy sources to make the switch to cheaper sources, and will convince others not to make the switch at all. For instance, Mathieson (2015) points out that the current, subsidised cost of solar PV works out at around  £80 per megawatt hour (mWh), which is considerably more expensive than fossil fuels (around  £50 per mWh). Lowering, and eventually removing the subsidies will increase the real, and opportunity costs of solar power relative to fossil fuels which could kill the industry altogether. For this reason, the industry trade body, the Solar Trade Association has called for governmental support for the industry until 2020, after which it believes that it will have the capacity to operate without state support (Solar Trade Association, 2015). However, some commentators have argued that the lowering, and eventual removal of subsidies will actually encourage greater competition in the wider clean energy sector. Newbery (2015), for example, argues that a mature, efficient clean energy sector must be self-reliant and self-sustaining and should operate without state intervention and support. He argues that a market based scheme, such as the auction scheme which characterizes the carbon market, would encourage suppliers to improve investments in technology, to innovate, to lower costs and to act more competitively. Over time, this would strengthen, rather than weaken th e economic performance of the industry, and its contribution to the wider economy. At the macroeconomic level, it has been suggested that the lowering and eventual removal of subsidies for the solar energy industry will free up public funds that can be better used elsewhere to help the government to achieve its goal of repairing public finances (Kay, 2015). In 2013, the subsidy programme cost the British taxpayer some  £650 million; the equivalent figure in 2014 was  £850 million (Morales, 2015). Under its Levy Control Framework, the government did set a spending cap of  £7.6 billion on subsidy expenditure by 2020-2021, but DECC analysis found that the number of solar farms that have so far been established is so great that the cap is expected to be exceeded by some  £1.5 billion (Clark, 2015). This money, it is argued can be used to help reduce public expenditure, or can be invested elsewhere to boost the economy (Newbery, 2015; Reid and Wynn, 2015). Furthermore, it is argued that the removal of subsidies will spur greater investment in solar power by the private sector, which is a source of more productive capital than public finds (Newbery, 2015). However, commentators have pointed out that these cost savings must be balanced against the possibility of the British government having to pay the European Union (EU) a fine for failing to achieved its legally mandated goal relating to the reduction in carbon emissions. If, as the government itself predicts, 1 million more tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted per year (due to falling demand for solar power microgeneration installations), the government should expect to pay a fine in the region of  £610 million by 2055-2056 (Bennett, 2015). The environmental impact of the policy changes The British government produced its own environmental impact assessment report which outlines the likely consequences of the proposed policy changes on take up of small, medium and commercial scale solar power (Department for Energy and Climate Change, 2015). The impact assessment report highlights that the changes will likely result in a lowered capacity for small-scale renewable microgeneration. The availability of subsidies has been directly responsible for the installation of around 3.3 gigawatts of renewable power capacity over the past five years, and 83 per cent of that added capacity has come directly from solar power technology (Morales, 2015). The cutbacks to the feed in tariff payments are expected to lead to a reduction of more than 6.1 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2020-2021, with the largest drop expected to come from the solar sector (Department for Energy and Climate Change, 2015). It is envisaged that around 890,000 fewer households will decide to install sola r panels over the five years after the changes come into force. The likely environmental impact of the proposals has been widely discussed by the green lobby both in the UK, and across Europe more widely. These bodies argue that the developments are likely to have adverse knock on effects for carbon emission levels and the ability of the UK to reach its carbon emissions targets (a lowering of total carbon emissions by 2050 by 80 per cent below 1990 levels) (Bennett, 2015). This is because, as discussed earlier, the reduction and removal of subsidies amounts to an increase in the cost of solar power production relative to alternative methods of energy production, which will disincentivise households and businesses from taking up solar power microgeneration activities, and could lead to a relative increase in the use of fossil fuels (Solar Trade Association, 2015). This could cause an increase in the total level of CO2 emissions coming from within the United Kingdoms borders. One m id-range estimate is that around 1 million more tonnes of carbon will be emitted every year (Bennett, 2015). Conclusion The proposed changes to the policy framework for solar power subsidies is currently out for public consultation. The consultation will end on October 23rd 2015. It is therefore not possible to state with any accuracy what the future political, economic and financial framework for solar power will look like. However, the analysis presented above suggests that the impact of a lowering and eventual removal of subsidies for solar power technology at the both the small-scale and the commercial scales is likely to be substantial. However, the economic impact could be positive or negative. The very existence of the solar industry could be under threat; alternatively, the industry could be encouraged to become more efficient and competitive. The performance of the British economy could be enhanced, but this could be mitigated by the need to compensate the EU for failing to meet carbon reduction targets. The environmental impact could also be devastating if demand for solar power installati ons and solar PV capacity are reduced. References Allan, G., Eromenko, I., Gilmartin, M., Kockar, I., McGregor, P. (2015). The economics of distributed energy generation: A literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 543-556. Bennett, P. (2015). Uk government proposes hugely damaging solar support cuts. Online at https://www.pv-tech.org/news/uk_government_proposes_hugely_damaging_solar_support_cuts Cherrington, R., Goodship, V., Longfield, A., Kirwan, K. (2013). The feed-in tariff in the UK: a case study focus on domestic photovoltaic systems. Renewable Energy, 50, 421-426. Clark, P. (2015). Renewable power subsidies to be cut back. Online at https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4c2258b4-3045-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html Department for Energy and Climate Change (2015). Periodic Review of FITs 2015. IA No. DECC0196. London: Department for Energy and Climate Change Eades, J. (2015). Drastic cuts to Feed-in Tariff. Our Advice? Rush but Dont Trip https://www.energymyway.co.uk/news/drastic-cuts-to-feed-in-tariff-our-advice-rush-but-dont-trip/ Grubb, M. (2014). Planetary Economics. London: Routledge Kay, A. (2015). Subsidy-free solar in the UK. Renewable Energy Focus, 16(2), 38-40. Knowles, M. (2013). UK electricity market: financiers are holding the government over a barrel. Online at https://www.energypost.eu/uk-electricity-market-financiers-holding-government-barrel/ Morales, A. (2015). U.K. to End Small-Scale Renewables Aid in Blow to Solar. Online at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-27/u-k-proposes-to-end-feed-in-tariffs-for-renewable-energy MacAlister (2015). Slashing household solar subsidies will kill off industry, government told. Online at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/27/slashing-household-solar-subsides-kill-off-industry-government-feed-in-tariff Muinzer, T. L. (2015). To PV or Not to PV: An Analysis of the High Courts Recent Treatment of Solar Energy. Environmental. Law Review, 17(2), 128 135 Newbery, D. (2015). Reforming UK energy policy to live within its means. Energy Policy Review Group Working Paper No. 1516. Cambridge University. Reid, G., Wynn, G. (2015). The Future of Solar Power in the United Kingdom. Energies, 8(8), 7818-7832. Solar Trade Association (2015). The Solar Independence Plan for Britain. London: Solar Trade Association Wood, G., Dow, S. (2011). What lessons have been learned in reforming the Renewables Obligation? An analysis of internal and external failures in UK renewable energy policy. Energy Policy, 39(5), 2228-2244.

English 2 St.Aar Essay Samples - Learn How to Write Great Essays

English 2 St.Aar Essay Samples - Learn How to Write Great EssaysEnglish 2 St.Aar Essay samples are available online for you to consider. It's not that hard to find online a high quality English essay sample.An essay is usually made up of three parts: a preamble, body and conclusion. The first part is an introduction. These samples of English 2 St.Aar Essay samples give you some ideas as to how an introduction to your essay should be written.If you start with a description of yourself, then you're in a position to write an introductory paragraph. The introductory paragraph sets the stage for the rest of the essay. All your important information about you should be included here. You can always break this section up into sub-sections if you need to.After introducing yourself, then you can get to the more detailed information in your essay. Here you can start describing your life. This can include a little about your background, your parents and your family. Here you should describe wha t you have achieved, where you worked and your aspirations. Your occupation will depend on what you hope to do in the future.Next you should include a major sentence. You could use a question, or a statement about some fact about your life.Finally, you should introduce your main idea. The main idea in your essay should be the theme of your essay. Your topic will decide the tone of your essay and what kind of emotions you will bring to it.If you want to write an English essay, then you need to learn all the rules of English grammar before you begin. In order to get started writing your essay, then you can use an English 2 St.Aar Essay sample to get you started.

Three Sisters the Ancient Cornerstone of American Farming

An important traditional form of agriculture is the use of intercropping strategies, sometimes called mixed cropping or milpa agriculture, where different crops are planted together, rather than in big monoculture fields as farmers do today. The Three Sisters (maize, beans, and squash) is what Native American farmers called a classic form of mixed cropping, and archaeological evidence has shown that these three American domesticates have been grown together for perhaps 5,000 years. Growing maize (a tall grass), beans (a nitrogen-fixing legume) and squash (a low-lying creeper plant) together was a stroke of environmental genius, the benefits of which practice have been studied by crop scientists for decades. Growing the Three Sisters The three sisters are maize (Zea mays), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and squash (Cucurbita spp.). According to historical records, the farmer dug a hole in the ground and placed one seed of each species into the hole. The maize grows first, providing a stalk for the beans, which reach upward for access to the sun. The squash plant grows low to the ground, shaded by the beans and corn, and keeping the weeds from affecting the other two plants. Today, intercropping, in general, is recommended as an alternative system for small-scale farmers to improve their yield, and thus food production and income in limited spaces. Inter-cropping is also insurance: if one of the crops fail, the others might not, and the farmer is more likely to get at least one of the crops to produce in a given year, no matter how extreme the weather circumstances. Ancient Conservation Techniques The microclimate produced by the three sisters combination favors the survival of the plants. Maize is notorious for sucking the nitrogen out of the soil; beans, on the other hand, supply replacement mineral nitrogen back into the soil: essentially, these are the effects of crop rotation without actually having to rotate crops. Overall, say crop scientists, more protein, and energy are produced by intercropping three crops in the same space than that achieved by modern monocultural agriculture. Maize maximizes photosynthesis  and grows straight and tall. Beans use the stalks for structural support and to gain greater access to sunlight; at the same time, they bring atmospheric nitrogen into the system, making the nitrogen available to maize. Squash performs best in shady, humid places, and that is the type of microclimate provided by the corn and beans together. Further, squash decreases the amount of erosion that plagues monocultural cropping of corn. Experiments conducted in 2006 (reported in Cardosa et al.) suggest that both nodule number and dry weight of beans increases when intercropped with maize. Nutritionally, the three sisters provide a wealth of healthy foodstuff. Maize provides carbohydrates and some amino acids; beans provide the rest of required amino acids, as well as dietary fiber, vitamins B2 and B6, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, potassium, and phosphorus, and squash provides Vitamin A. Together, they make a great succotash. Archaeology and Anthropology Its difficult to say when the three plants began to be grown together: even if a particular society had access to all three plants, we cant know for sure that they were planted in the same fields without direct evidence from those fields. Thats pretty rare, so lets look instead at the domestication histories, which are based on where and when the domesticated plants turn up in archaeological sites. The Three Sisters have different domestication histories. Beans were domesticated in South America first, about 10,000 years ago; squash followed in Central America about the same time; and maize in Central America about a thousand years later. But the first appearance of domesticated beans in Central America was not until about 7,000 years ago. Agricultural use of the co-occurrence of the three sisters seems to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by about 3,500 years ago. Maize was the last of the three to reach the Andes, between about 1800 and 700 BC. Intercropping with the Three Sisters has not been identified in the American northeast, where the European colonists first reported it, until AD 1300: maize and squash were available, but no beans have been identified in a North American context any earlier than 1300 AD. By the 15th century, however, the intercropped triple threat had replaced the original domestic maygrass-chenopod-knotweed agricultural crops planted throughout northeastern and midwestern North America since the Archaic period. Planting and Harvesting There are accounts from various Native American historical sources as well as reports of early European explorers and colonists on maize-based agriculture. In general, Native American farming in the northeast and midwest was gender-based, with men creating new fields, burning grass and weeds and trenching the fields for planting. Women prepared fields, planted the crop, weeded and harvested the crop. Harvest estimates range between 500/1000 kilograms per hectare, providing between 25-50% of a familys caloric needs. In Mississippian communities, harvests from fields were stored in community granaries for use by elites; in other communities, the harvest was for family or clan-based purposes. Sources Cardoso EJBN, Nogueira MA, and Ferraz SMG. 2007. Biological N2 fixation and mineral N in common bean–maize intercropping or sole cropping in southeastern Brazil. Experimental Agriculture 43(03):319-330. Declerck FAJ, Fanzo J, Palm C, and Remans R. 2011. Ecological approaches to human nutrition.  Food Nutrition Bulletin 32(Supplement 1):41S-50S. Hart JP. 2008. Evolving the Three Sisters: The changing histories of maize, bean, and squash in New York and the greater northeast. In: Hart JP, editor. Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany II. Albany, New York: The University of the State of New York. p 87-99. Hart JP, Asch DL, Scarry CM, and Crawford GW. 2002. The age of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the northern Eastern Woodlands of North America.  Antiquity 76(292):377-385. Landon AJ. 2008. The How of the Three Sisters: The origins of agriculture in Mesoamerica and the human niche. Nebraska Anthropologist 40:110-124. Lewandowski, Stephen. Dioheko, the Three Sisters in Seneca life: Implications for a native agriculture in the finger lakes region of New York State. Agriculture and Human Values, Volume 4, Issue 2–3, SpringerLink, March 1987. Martin SWJ. 2008. Languages Past and Present: Archaeological Approaches to the Appearance of Northern Iroquoian Speakers in the Lower Great Lakes Region of North America. American Antiquity 73(3):441-463. Scarry, C. Margaret. Crop Husbandry Practices in North America’s Eastern Woodlands. Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, SpringerLink, 2008.

Essay on Illegal Immigration - 1966 Words

What Are The Negatives of Illegal Immigration in The U.S.? 1.) What I already know (and don’t know) about my topic I know that illegal immigration is a big topic that is always talked about in the United States. I know that some people believe it is a big problem, but others don’t think it is a problem at all. I know that illegal aliens come to our county for many different reasons. Some of them include work, to get a better life, or to escape a dangerous homeland. These immigrants have to come to this country illegally because the process to come legally is long and they may never be granted citizenship. I know that them coming to our country is hurting our economy. They come here and get jobs that could be going to unemployed U.S.†¦show more content†¦citizens? Many people don’t realize how much money illegal aliens actually cost legal citizens in the U.S. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), illegal immigration cost tax payers $113 billion a year at the federal, state, and local level (Illegal Immigration). The majority of this goes to paying for the education of the illegals children. Another big part of this number being this high is the medical cost of all the aliens. If they get hurt they can go to the hospital and get treated. Since they are illegal they will most likely not pay their bill, and all the legal citizens are stuck paying for their medical care. Also hiring border patrol and getting high tech equipment is a big cost to the people in America. The government has to get motion cameras, infrared cameras, helicopters, and many other supplies to keep the crossing of illegals to a minimum. The illegals are not helping pay hardly any of this because they don’t pay taxes, and the ones t hat do pay taxes get most of it back in refunds. According to the Center for Immigration studies illegals pay much less in taxes than do legal citizens. The numbers show that illegals pay around $1,371on average in income taxes while legal citizens are paying o average $7,103 yearly (Camarota, Steven). People always complain about taxes being too high and illegal immigrants play a part in this problem. Immigration is also a danger to people living near the border and toShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration 1280 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been a source of mounting concern in the United States since the 1970’s. Statistics indicate that the past ten years have witnessed an increase in the number of illegal immigrants with the number estimated to increase in the future. â€Å"The percentage of illegal immigrant population from Mexico was 59% (or 6.8 million) as of January 2013. Other countries with large amounts are El Salvador (660,000) Guatemala (52000), Hondorous (380,000) and China (280,000)† (Infoplease 1). TheRead MoreIllegal immigration2120 Words   |  9 PagesAlien Invasion Illegal immigration is widespread throughout the United States. There are 12 million or more illegal aliens in the United States, this number continues to rise (Swartz). This influx of illegal immigrants causes jobless Americans to lose out on opportunities. Employers choose to pay illegal immigrants lower wages than American workers. Is it right to pay illegal immigrants less than Americans to do the same job? Should the illegal immigrants be deported? Should border control be increasedRead MoreIllegal Immigration1753 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration The Economy of Illegal Immigration The Economy of Illegal Immigration Americans on a daily basis are bombarded with broadcasts from newspapers, television, and special interest groups on the economic burdens created by illegal immigrants. Reports and statistics of growing state and local deficits; is it fact or fiction? In reality, undocumented Mexicans are necessary to the health of our economy. They provide a workforce in agriculture they keep the costs down; theyRead MoreIllegal Immigration598 Words   |  3 Pagesl ARTICLE ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Migration has always represented an important factor in society’s development. Ever since ancient times, people have been travelling around the world, some staying only for a while, some choosing to set (A SE STABILI) in certain areas, getting married and starting a family with a local partner. Consequently, cultures and languages mixed and this is how powerful nations like England, The USA, Germany were born. This phenomenon of migration also takes place nowadaysRead MoreIllegal Immigration1709 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Immigration: The Undocumented Issue In this paper I will discuss one of the biggest issues in the United States: Illegal immigrants. Some may say that illegal immigration has a positive impact on the United States’ economy, and some think that these undocumented immigrants affect jobs and wages of people that are living in this country. I think that illegal immigrants harm the United States’ economy through their use of our country’s social services such as health care, education andRead MoreIllegal Immigration : Illegal Immigrants949 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigrants have been a hot topic lately due to the popularity of this topic amongst the Republican Presidential Nominees, especially Donald Trump. These illegal immigrants bring various things to this country when they come. Some things are positive, such as a family simply seeking to find a better life, while some things are harmful to the United States, such as the amount of crime among illegal immigrants. In July 2015, the most recen t estimate of illegal immigrants was 11.2 million. ThisRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1286 Words   |  6 Pages Undocumented Immigration An analysis of illegal immigration in the United States reveals one challenge facing the banks and other institutions: whether to provide banking and other services to the illegal immigrants or to treat them as criminals because they are illegal and therefore, not to provide them with banking and other services. The articles, â€Å"Crossing the Line† by Stein and â€Å"Illegal Immigrants – They’re Money,† by Rodriguez discuss the impact of illegal immigration in the United StatesRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1335 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been one of the main topics during the last three presidential election. Many bills and laws have been passed in order to keep them out but is it really necessary to neglect illegal immigrant? Most Americans believe that illegal immigrants are only people of Mexicans or Latin American descent but illegal immigrants can be from any race or country. Illegal immigration is defined by United States Department of Homeland Security as â€Å"†¦ all foreign-born non-citizens who are notRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration964 Words   |  4 PagesA. Attention Step (quotation, question, or story) About four months ago in government class, we had a class discussion. The topic was illegal immigration. One student said that America should send the illegal immigrants back to their country because they are taking American’s jobs. He stated that he would send his dad back to Mexico because he is an illegal immigrant. Going around the circle that we created, everyone gave their opinions, most disagreed, but some agreed with the student. When itRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Illegal Immigration is a huge topic especially in 2017, bringing in different aspects about illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are told to be killers, drug dealers, job stealers and whom also hurt the U.S. economy. Is this true? Could it possibly be that they do all of this to hurt the United States? Or could it be that they truly come here for the American Dream? On one side of people’s perspectives illegal immigrants come here to help provide for their family and don’t take

The Autobiography Of Malcolm X - 1959 Words

The United States has had many horrible moments in its history that the United States has long tried to correct and distance itself from those mistakes. Many mistakes were made in our history but a few of the big ones were kicking the Native Americans off their land and making them almost go extinct, putting all the Japanese people into concentration camps in World War 2 in belief that they were all Japanese spies, but the biggest flaw is the United States history has been the mistreatment of the blacks from slavery and segregation that has lead to the endless racism that can still be experienced in our present day world. There have been many political and religious leaders over the years that have fought for the black minority in America†¦show more content†¦He goes to a white family where he never really feels at home and is treated like a pet. Even at school he is the smartest kid, but is treated inferior to the kids he knows he is smarter than. When around the age of 15 he leaves his white family for the city of Boston where he goes to his half sister’s house who try’s to help him out. He becomes friends with a guy named shorty who helps him find a job as a shoeshine. Where he gets into the drug dealing business. He starts dressing nicer and changes his hair and overall starts to transform. He then changes his job and starts dancing a lot eventually meets a girl who he really likes. He becomes famous as a dancer in nightclubs that gets him attention from a white girl who he ends up leaves the girl he liked for. He eventually meets Sammy the pimp who gets him deep into bad endeavors and he gets addicted to cocaine and eventually they have a falling out and Malcolm escapes to Boston because he has too many people who want to kill him. He then starts to do burglaries with Sophia shorty and a few other people. One day Malcolm accidently flirts with Sophia in public with her husband’s friend with her at a bar. Who snitches her husb and and this gets Malcom arrested with shorty and they get 10 years for being with a white girl even though they also were charged with burglary. In jail is when Malcolm seems to have hit rock bottom. he is really frustrated and is suffering fromShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Malcolm X729 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X, told by Alex Haley, details the incredible journey of one of the most inspiration and life altering leaders the world has ever encountered. The book begins with the illustration of Malcolm’s early life experiences and ends with X predicting that he will die a violent death prior to seeing the publication of his autobiography. At the beginning of the book, Haley describes how Malcolm’s father, a Baptist MinisterRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesWho is Malcolm X? Answers tend to vary by person but in the â€Å"Autobiography of Malcolm X†, it really delved into the pivotal details of his life and readers like myself, went on an enthralling metaphorical journey to see the intriguing development of him as a child, a young adult, a convict, a follower, and ultimately a leader. For starters, Malcolm X was not born with the infamous and famous X. His birth name was Malcolm Little and the innocent Malcolm Little was very belittled (pun intended) inRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 PagesKaykay Zhu October 19, 2017 The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley is an account of Malcolm X’s evolving perspective on racial justice. Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam who advocated for black nationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, and Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody sheds light on how principles of ambition, pride, and faith throughout their lives paved individual paths for revolutionary success. Troubling upbringings as seen in both of their lives eventually instilled a drive that ultimately revolutionized America’s perspective of racial equality. Their worldview grows to encompass hum anity as one and is developed alongside their spiritual and cultural inquiryRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages1 2 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X Introduction Malcolm X?s autobiography written in collaboration with Alex Haley is an exciting story of personality transformation. During several years, Malcolm X told Haley his biography in several extensive interviews. Haley described and orchestrated the stories and Malcolm X edited and endorsed every part of the book. The story is narrated in the first person and it seems like Malcolm was writing this of hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesread the autobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including myself have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Mal colm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography of Malcolm X535 Words   |  2 Pages The autobiography of Malcolm X is a book that was published in 1965. It is of result of collaboration between human rights activist Mr. Malcolm X and journalist Alex Haley. The book depicts more about Malcolm X’s life, experiences and beliefs. The book again talks about spiritual conversion narrative that outlines Malcolm Xs philosophy of black pride, Black Nationalism. Malcolm was born in May 19th 1925 in Omaha to a family of Earl and Louise Little. The book also explains to us that he inheritatedRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spre ads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1278 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X, born Malcolm Little, is one of the greatest advocates for race in the nation. However, his opinion of the state of racial issues in our country, and what can be done to solve them. Trials throughout Malcolm’s life of personal opinions and events that have occurred have shaped his outlook on the issue. Alex Haley’s autobiography novel, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, reveals Malcolm’s changing views on the solution of race in this country through the shaping stages of experiences in hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X was about one African Americans struggle during a time of extreme racism and discrimination to make a name for himself. Malcolm had many life experiences before tragically being shot and killed. He was a hustler in Harlem, a porter for a railroad, and was eventually a minister for the black Islam movement lead by Elijah Mahammad. Malcolm Little lived a very interesting life to become the man he will be remembered as. Right before Malcolm was born members of the KKK

The, My Eyes Have Seen By Alice Dunbar Nelson Essay

The important theme of resistance towards the institutions of slavery in America is a major factor that contributed to the formation of the United States. Ever since slaves arrived in the Chesapeake in the early seventeenth century, slaves resisted their enslavement just as anyone else would, in order to claim some measure of freedom against an institution that defined people as property. African Americans resisted slavery in many different forms in order to secure customary rights that dictated work routines, the speed of work, rations distributed, and other basic liberties granted to white Americans. Such forms of resistance included everything from armed rebellion and violence to the use of passive thinking, which involved very subtle rebellious engagement. Some strategies that involved passive engagement when resisting the institution of slavery are seen in the article Sounds of Slavery and the one-act play by Alice Dunbar-Nelson’s, â€Å"My Eyes Have Seen†. M ore aggressive and violent forms of resistances towards slavery are present in the fictional film Django Unchained, directed by Quentin Tarantino, and in the book Benito Cereno. Slaves were interested in developing humane values rather than to continue the theme of domination in order to prevent their masters from having complete control over them. They used sounds of voice and music, providing services and opportunities for the benefit of others and African-Americans fought for their basic freedoms and human

Reckless driving free essay sample

At some point in our lives we will cross paths with a reckless driver and when doing so we also become infuriated and lash out. At that point are we considered a reckless driver too or just a victim? In this era the amount of road accidents has significantly increased. Reckless driving is seen everyday and is ultimately the cause of road accidents. These drivers not only put their lives in danger they also put lives of every other innocent body in danger. So how can we prevent such things from reoccurring? Well to answer that question we can become more knowledgeable about reckless driving. According to the article â€Å" The 9 Most Dangerous Things Drivers Do†, the number one bad habit we do while driving is driving under the influence of alcohol. We all know that alcohol impairs our vision and ability to make sound decisions decreases so we should have a plan before consuming alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Reckless driving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During my research about ways to prevent drunk driving I found many loopholes around such irresponsible actions. In another article about â€Å"Tips To Prevent Drinking And Driving† they mentioned choosing a designated driver, calling a taxi, hiding keys of someone who is drunk, and above all be responsible. Another big mistake while driving that we do is talking on our cell phones, or distracted driving. There are many other ways a driver can become distracted. For example, putting on makeup and eating are a couple but above all cell phone usage. We all love our cell phones because they are beneficial in that its easier to communicate with people and we have become addicted to our cell phone. Due to the enlargement of technology, cell phone usage have been an increasing bad habit among drivers for years now and from the looks of it continue to increase. This increasing habit is so dangerous that law enforcement is issuing fines if caught using your cell phone. Provided by the article â€Å" Car Accident Statistics†, there are more than 60 million car accidents taken place in the United States annually. With that being said about 40% of car accident fatalities occur to a drunk driver, 30% of the car accidents known cause is driving above the speed limits, and 33% and above occur because of reckless driving that causes the car to off-road which then results in an accident. These statistics baffled me because there were taken from the United States, can you imagine worldwide! To conclude most dangerous driving habits occur because of overconfidence. One might feel that because they have been a licensed driver for years now that they know everything about driving and road safety. This isnt entirely true because over time we get lazier and our bodily functions start to slowly decrease which can result in car accidents and reckless driving. It will be advantageous every once in a while to brush up on your driving skills and reevaluate whether you are a safe driver. After all if you are driving you are licensed which means you have taken classes and have become knowledgeable about the dos and donts of driving. Be responsible because in the end you are putting your life in danger.

Sustainable Education and Perspectives †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Education and Perspectives. Answer: Introduction I have several memories from my grown up days that have played significant role in shaping my behaviour and attitude about the environment and sustainability development. The following article has concentrated on some of my memories and highlighted how it has affected y behaviour. During my childhood, I have seen my schoolteacher to purchase plants from the local nursery and plant it in the garden. She used to decorate her house with full of plants. It has put a great impact on my attitude. She used to discuss about the role of plants in our lives it has influenced my behaviour. From those discussions, I have realised the importance of trees and how it can affect our daily life. Thus, it has affected my attitude about environmental sustainability. This has led me to implement the policy of my teacher and plant more trees in my surroundings. It is often evident that people are busy in deforestation to construct large buildings and flats. This unique initiative of my teacher has made me realize that being a responsible member of the society, we all must take such initiative to support our community and earth, as deforestation put a negative impact on the living creatures of the earth. Trees are considered as one of the most useful and precious asset. The whole e arth is relied on tree for ample of reasons, such as-Oxygen, food, shelter and so on (Revesz et al., 2014). Trees provide us all the products of our primary necessity. Thus, deforestation may lead the whole generation to meet a deadly conclusion in the near future. I have read in many textbooks about the role of trees in our life, but the practice of my teacher has made me realise about the truthfulness of those reports. I have planted several trees in my house, garden and locality from then. Another experience that has played major role in shaping my behaviour towards environment was from my adolescence. I used to click pictures of many migratory birds in our garden. During that period, many migratory birds used to visit our locality due to climate change. It was an exciting activity for me. However, the scenario has been changed within three to four years. The rise of the global temperature due to globalization is the main reason for such consequence. Global warming has affected the natural life cycle of the migratory birds in a significant manner by enhancing the global temperature and harmful gases in the atmosphere (Fu et al., 2015). This has affected my life and look out towards environmental sustainability. At the initial stage, I was unable to identify the real reason behind such factors. However, I realised how globalization has affected the lifecycle of the migratory birds. It has influenced the behaviour to some extent. This incident has made a strong mark in m y life. After my observation that global warming is working as a threat to the existence of life on earth, I always try to avoid all such practices that can enhance the global warming and its effect on the environment. I try to influence other as well by discussing about harmful consequence of global warming and encourage them to adopt such practices that can save environment for the future generation. I have started a tree plantation program in my community where community people will participate in forestation in every weekend and plant lot of trees that can save our earth to meet an awful consequence in near future. I believe little steps everyday can make big changes. Hence, I think this initiative will set an example in front of the whole world and motivate others to spread greenery. Two memories discussed in the previous part have influenced my value and philosophy towards life and environment in significant manner. In recent time, global warming has become one of the major concerns for the whole world. It has welcomed deadly circumstances in near future. I have heard and learned many things about globalization and its harmful effect on the earth and living creatures. Thus, when I have learned that I can also contribute as a sincere and responsible citizen for the betterment of my surroundings by the practice of my teacher, it has put a great impact on my value and philosophy. The precious lessons from my teacher have led me to rethink over the issue. It has made me think that how our tiny steps can bring revolution. We all have some responsibilities towards our locality, our earth. In this scenario where global warming has led us towards the end, we must realize out duty and practice our roles in an appropriate manner. My parents and local people has also played crucial role to influence me as well. They have encouraged me to take some initiative to plant more trees in the locality, so it can decrease the level of pollution. My locality always plays active role in environmental practices and sustainable development. In the earlier years, they have taken several steps to support the community development. Hence, while I proposed the idea of tree plantation program in the locality, my parents and neighbours have supported me whole-heartedly and they have taken active part in the program as well. It has enhanced my confidence level and encouraged me to take such initiatives in future. As per many reports, trees play the most crucial role in reducing the pollution level from the environment (Wattchow et al., 2013). Many reports claim that one tree can save thousands of life. In this scenario, where the whole world is fighting against global warming and its effect, my initiative to plant more number of trees in the locality has the capacity to bring revolution (Leiserowitz et al., 2014). After I have started the initiative, many people from my surrounding have started to plant tree in their house and garden. This has increased the number of trees in our society. Moreover, we have organized awareness campaign to promote this idea and aware people about the value of tree. This has encouraged many people to adopt this value. Many people have joined with us after campaign to support our initiative. It is not possible to bring changes for one person. In order to adopt or implement any new change it is important to unite people and present a transparent idea about the ini tiative. Thus, it has led me to organize this awareness campaign. During the campaign I have been introduced with many broader sustainable issues, such as lack of drinking water, well constructed sewage system and so on. Therefore, I have realised that we all need to work as a team save our locality as well as earth from this sustainable issues. Teacher plays several roles in a life of student. He plays crucial role in shaping the behaviour, values and ethics of his student. I have tried to deliver my knowledge among other people by following the footstep of my teacher. I often try to provide a lesson to other people who are not aware of importance of tree and effect of global warming. I try to make them aware how our every day practices can enhance the rate of pollution in the environment and why we must actively avoid these practices. As, my teacher once encouraged me to change my value and philosophy towards the environment, I also encourage my students and local people to change their values. As teachers plays significant role in establishing a bright future of the student, it is their responsibility to teach their students about their responsibility towards society and earth (Wals et al., 2014). Kids are the future of our society, their behaviour must be designed in such a manner so they can act as a sincere member of the society in future, so teachers must perform their role in an appropriate manner and teach them about environmental and sustainable responsibility (Sorensen, Clark Jordan, 2015). They must present a transparent idea about all the issues of environment and how it can affect our lifecycle. It will help students to realise their role in the society. Students and youth of the society must be presented a clear view on every issues of the environment. They must be introduced all the positive and negative aspects of the issues. They must be provided a clear vision of future and taught that if the issues will not be treated what conclusion can be met by the society. Many social awareness campaign must be organized in school, colleges and parks to provide a clear knowledge about the global warming and present condition of the environment to the young generation of the society. It will help them to realise their responsibility towards the society. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded, environmental and sustainability issues have become major concern for the whole world after the arrival of global warming. Thus, it is our duty to observe the crisis and take effective steps to heal the issue and save the earth for the future generation. References: Fu, Y. H., Zhao, H., Piao, S., Peaucelle, M., Peng, S., Zhou, G., ... Song, Y. (2015). Declining global warming effects on the phenology of spring leaf unfolding.Nature,526(7571), 104-107. Leiserowitz, A., Feinberg, G., Rosenthal, S., Smith, N., Anderson, A., Roser-Renouf, C., Maibach, E. (2014). Whats in a name? Global warming vs. climate change.Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, New Haven: CT. Revesz, R. L., Howard, P. H., Arrow, K., Goulder, L. H., Kopp, R. E., Livermore, M. A., ... Sterner, T. (2014). Global warming: Improve economic models of climate change.Nature,508(7495), 173-175. Sorensen, A. E., Clark, D., Jordan, R. C. (2015). Effects of alternative framing on the publics perceived importance of environmental conservation.Frontiers in Environmental Science,3, 36. Wals, A. E., Brody, M., Dillon, J., Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence between science and environmental education.Science,344(6184), 583-584. Wattchow, B., Jeanes, R., Alfrey, L., Brown, T., Cutter-Mackenzie, A., O'Connor, J. (Eds.). (2013).The socioecological educator: a 21st century renewal of physical, health, environment and outdoor education. Springer Science Business Media.

Obtaining Obama Essay Topics

Obtaining Obama Essay TopicsThere are a number of interesting Obama essay topics to choose from in order to make a powerful argument. The following article will provide you with several topics you can write about.Writing an essay about the economy is not the only topic that can be used in an essay. While recession is a hard subject to deal with, it is a subject that can be discussed in an essay. A good essay should be able to show how someone came to the conclusions they had when they started thinking about the economy.Other essay topics that can be written about include problems faced by women, students and minorities. These topics can be used as filler to get your point across in the space given. Make sure you provide additional information that can be used as supporting evidence to your arguments. The more you add to your essay, the better chance you have of having it approved by a college or university.In order to get approval for these essay topics, you must be able to provide a reason as to why the topic is important. Don't simply use it to talk about your opinion. Use it to talk about a specific issue. Make sure you do your research before starting a topic.Many people feel that essay topics related to the Iraq war are not worth writing about. However, if you go to college and want to get into politics, this is the perfect topic to write about. Iraq was one of the most hotly debated issues when George W. Bush was president. It was this fact that really attracted some students to write about it.When writing an essay about an event that caught the student's attention, there is nothing more powerful than showing some real facts and reasoning behind it. Obviously, this is a highly controversial topic. Nevertheless, many people are still debating the impact of this war. It is a well known fact that some students feel the war was good while others feel it was not so good.Another interesting topic to discuss is gender. Many people argue that women are not as str ong as men, which is why they need special consideration. Women can be as intelligent as men and deserve equal rights. The topic of sexism and how to deal with it is very important and is often an area that is still being discussed.No matter what topic you choose to write about, make sure you have an interesting and compelling argument. Write in a way that tells people something about their own situation. Essay topics can be difficult but you can find them with the help of the internet.

The World Still Needs An Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Every verse form contains concealed significance. The writer feeds its readers the symbols and metaphors to specify the intent of the verse form – it will be the readers’ imaginativeness to comprehend the truth behind the bodying elements of the poetry. Poets have different ways to assail in their poesy. They can show their feelings towards other people and the society through their verse forms. Once they unleash their angst. the determination will be on the readers’ political orientation – whether to accept the verse form as a fiction or verse form as an eye-opener to the universe. By reading the verse form entitled â€Å"The World Still Needs. † readers will make their impression of societal alteration through political position and declaration. â€Å"The World Still needs. † is a verse form of enlightenment – a manner to run into the truth behind the prevarications and unfair. The writer used different signifiers of symbolic elements to conceal the true kernel of the verse form but one time the readers tried to read each line and stanza carefully. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Still Needs: An Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page they will obtain the poem’s end and thought. The universe needs piano-tuners ( 3 ) . This line shows the constitution of the verse form as it embodies the current state of affairs of the universe. The footings â€Å"piano-tuners† signify alteration that needs to happen. â€Å"Gray fellows† on the other manus signifies white people as the dominant or powerful n the society. The â€Å"deserted boathouse† symbolizes thirst and poorness. The character depicts the verse form with harmoniousness and strategic onslaught. This storyteller easy discussed the battle from the get downing up to the terminal. Because the verse form is a free-verse. the writer can easy depict the intent and kernel of the verse form in a originative mode. However. even if it is a free-verse. the writer used formal words to warrant the ideas and statements – when the piano in the concert-hall / finds texture absolute. a individual solitude†¦ ( 18-19 ) . In footings of the images. the writer developed the emotional attractive force of a adult male and a adult female because from their loneliness. they started to interact with the other and become communal. Even if the verse form has no riming building. it depicts world from simple words and images that the writer used and perceives. Plants Cited Avison. Margaret.The World Still Needs. p. 201.

3 More Sentences with Dangling Modifiers

3 More Sentences with Dangling Modifiers 3 More Sentences with Dangling Modifiers 3 More Sentences with Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol When writers attach a phrase to the beginning of a sentence to provide additional information, they must take care that the subject of the sentence actually refers to the action or the thing described in that introductory text. Here are some sentences that illustrate the necessity of this vigilance. 1. â€Å"Originally scheduled for retirement (and certain death) in 2003, the hapless racehorse’s trainer now says that after Glorious Spring’s last race, the horse will be allowed to retire to a comfy pasture on a farm near her birthplace.† This sentence implies that the hapless racehorse’s trainer was originally scheduled for retirement and death – perhaps by execution, because of culpability for the horse’s losing streak? However, it is the horse, not the trainer, whose retirement (and subsequent visit to the slaughterhouse) was averted. The subject of the sentence must be unambiguous: â€Å"The racehorse was originally scheduled for retirement in 2003, but her trainer now says that after Glorious Spring’s last race, the horse will be allowed to retire to a comfy pasture on a farm near Glorious Spring’s birthplace.† (The horse is named again in this revision because the trainer’s gender is not clear thanks to his ambiguous Japanese name, which is not shown in this excerpt and â€Å"her birthplace† might be misconstrued as the trainer’s.) 2. â€Å"Raised in a Lutheran family, two of Paul’s brothers became ministers, and he chose to ‘minister through medicine.’† Two of Paul’s brothers were raised in a Lutheran family, but so were Paul and another brother, and the sentence implies that Lutherans raised only those who became ministers (and, perhaps that those two brothers were raised in another household); the influence of that upbringing on him is obscured. The sentence should be revised to explicitly place the emphasis on Paul (and I’ve clarified the source of the partial quote): â€Å"Paul and his brothers were raised in a Lutheran family, and two of them became ministers, while he chose, as he put it, to ‘minister through medicine.’† 3. â€Å"Normally a four-day voyage, the crew only brought four days’ worth of rations, not anticipating a strong headwind to slow the schooner.† This sentence names the crew as a four-day voyage. To eliminate this unfortunate association, describe the voyage’s customary duration with a simple declarative syntax, then attach the rest of the information: â€Å"The voyage normally took four days, and the crew, not anticipating a strong headwind that slowed the schooner, brought only four days’ worth of rations.† (Note, too, how the revision moves and parenthesizes the incidental information about the obstructive headwind.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†What is Dative Case?10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

A Direct Marketing Campaign for a Consumer Product Essay

A Direct Marketing Campaign for a Consumer Product - Essay Example   The marketing plan ¨ will target audiences from the ages of twelve years old to twenty-one years old. Only the students from high schoolsïÆ'’, colleges and university of this age group will be chosen in the first marketing phase within the Los Angeles Area. The private high schools are Loyola High School, Immaculate Heart High School, Rose and Alex Pilibos Armenian School, Windward School, Sheenway School, Daniel Murphy High School, Marymount High School, Shalhevet High School and Green Pastures Academy. The public high schools will be John Marshall High School, Los Angeles High School, Dorsey High School, Eagle Rock High School, and Belmont High School. The Colleges included in our school visits are Academy Pacific Travel College, Agape Christian   The Lipton Green Tea (LGT) will be portrayed as having the beneficial health ingredients such as the much-needed vitamins and minerals and its natural product with no preservatives, additives, and food coloring thereby eliminating the possibility of having harmful side effects will be the main theme of the marketing plan. This marketing strategy to attract a particular target audience will be implemented from January 2006 to June 2006. Free one bottle samples will be given to the prospective youngster.   They will then fill up a survey questionnaire to determine their taste comments and other comments and suggestions. Colorful expensive brochures and flyers will be given to each free sampling student advertising the many health benefits taking the Lipton Green Tea to make them familiar with the products. The LGT will have the same selling price as a Coke product. This means the LGT will have a very optimistic projection of its marketing strategy to corner a big portion of the beverage consuming market.

The Key Differences Between De Beers Old And New Business Model Essay - 24

The Key Differences Between De Beers Old And New Business Model - Essay Example Kodak’s main strategy in this period was to avail to their customer’s high-margin film referred to as the razor blade strategy. This strategy involved Kodak’s development of inexpensive cameras as a way to an end: the company had the objective of facilitating lucrative film sales. In a heart shell, the invention of the digital camera was held back due to management’s worries about the negative effects on film sales. Nonetheless, the developmental dependencies on many other industries were extremely high as microprocessors, advances in electronic storage, and various communication soft wares for the camera and digital data transfer, soft wares for image processing, etc. Microelectronics was a problem for the company during the implementation of its strategy. However, the strategies that the company employed failed. Normally in a perfect market whenever disruptive technology exists, companies always fail to capitalize on the invention of the day for fearing cannibalizing current product sales. For instance, in 1981 when Sony introduced a filmless digital camera into the market, panic permeated Kodak company‘s executive suite. Explicitly, over the next years, the company invested about $5 billion in digital imaging. Through estimation, this was approximately 45% of the company’s R&D budget. Sadly, with disruptive technologies like digital cameras, whenever a company becomes the first-mover it has a lot of advantages and others who follow suit find it very difficult to overcome the competition. The strategy failed since by the time the company realized that their razor-blade strategy was not workable; the lions were by now out of the barn. Kodak was not able to match the competition.

Clinical Psychology Paper Essay Example for Free

Clinical Psychology Paper Essay The great evangelist D.T. Niles once said, â€Å"Christianity is just one beggar telling another beggar where to find bread† (Niles, 2010). At its most basic level, clinical psychology is the enterprise of one educated, licensed person using his or her knowledge of human behavior to address, assuage, or otherwise moderate the troubles and concerns of another person’s life—whether they be relational, affective, or physiological. Strictly speaking, clinical psychology is, â€Å"the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders† (Plante, 2011, p. 5). Clinical psychology is a scientific endeavor, utilizing the instrument of the scientific method to inform the practice, procedures, and treatments used to address human problems. There is an interplay that exists between treatment outcome research and psychotherapy in clinical psychology—the science informs the art and the art informs the science (Plante, 2011). The point of this paper is to catalogue and compare the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology as well as to consider the specific case of counseling within the framework of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates—the original author of the Hippocratic Oath—formed the first complete, if naà ¯ve, physiological explanation of disease and dysfunction (Plante, 2011). He proposed that imbalances in the mixture and quantity of four fluids: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood, caused several emotions and psychological maladjustment, such as sadness, irritability, and anger. It was not until the advents of Plato that it was conceived that the metaphysical realm of the soul could have an effect on the corporeal domain. However, it was to Galen that a holistic theory of medicine was formed that incorporated the physiological explanations of Hippocrates with the metaphysical explanations of Plato. Even though Galen’s ideas of bloodletting were flawed, it was a step in the direction of objective explanations of illness and disease. During the middle ages the work of Thomas Aquinas, Paracelsus, and Weyer shifted the discussion of psychology away from the metaphysical and toward physical explanations of mental illness, such as bodily causes, movements of the stars, and behavior. Furthermore, at the dawn of the Renaissance and into the nineteenth century the veil of shadow and secrecy behind the inner workings of the mind, body, and cell were ripped from his or her places and the mediums of scientific observation and laboratory investigation were instituted in the place of religion and mysticism as the sole explanation of illness. The works of Rush, Bernard, and Pinel during this period of history paved the way for more humane approaches to the abnormal and deviant—approaches that sought to alleviate psychological dysfunction rather than simply separate and restrain the dysfunctional. The birth of psychology proper came on the heels of the publishing of Wundt’s The Elements of Psychophysics in 1850 and James’ Principles of Psychology in 1890 (Plante, 2011). These publications, along with the institution of the first psychological laboratory by Wundt, culminated in the founding of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1892. The main drive behind the fledgling field of psychology was to measure empirically behavior to the end of understanding the subsidiary components of the mind itself. Hence, when clinical psychology first got on its feet four years later (1896), through the opening of the first clinic by Witmer, many psychologists frowned upon the application of the principles of human behavior to clinical situations. This was seen as a step away from a general understanding of human behavior and toward abnormal or dysfunctional psychology. Despite the initial tension between clinical psychology and mainstream psychology, the first formal classes in clinical psychology began in 1904 at the University of Pennsylvania and the first edition of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology was published in 1907. Evolving Nature Despite the disinclination of the APA to embrace an applied approach to psychology, clinical psychology grew rapidly in the beginning of the twentieth century (Plante, 2011). Going back to Plato’s contention of the metaphysical affecting the corporeal, Sigmund Freud postulated that unconscious conflict and strife could have a direct outcome on mental and physical illness. The work of Freud shaped and molded the direction of clinical psychology for many decades after his death. Even though it was not until the Boulder Conference of 1949 that the training guidelines for clinical psychology were mapped out and etched in stone, so to speak. One of the main tenets of these guidelines was that clinical psychologists should have a firm understanding of both psychological research and psychotherapy. It was not until the 1950s and on that Freud’s ideas of human psychology were exchanged for the alternatives of humanism, cognitive-behaviorism, and family systems approaches (Plante, 2011). The changes in psychological perspective were precipitated by the establishment of community mental health facilities and the introduction of psychotropic drugs as a treatment of abnormal psychology. Even though these advancements in conception and treatment offered alternatives to the traditional ideas of psychodynamics and behaviorism, no one theory of human psychology proved to explain the entirety of behavior, dysfunction, and cognition. To that end, parsimoniously eclectic approaches to psychology were adopted—such as the biopsychosocial theory—that incorporated many of the ideas and practices from the abovementioned perspectives. Current Issues The last century of clinical psychology has been characterized by an illness ideology that emphasizes the treatment or preventions of disorders (Maddux, 2008). Even though this approach has utility in the realm of psychotherapy it lacks the ability to enhance the quality of life for people who do not suffer from some type of mental illness. Maddux (2008) proposes that a shift toward positive psychology—a perspective that stresses human strengths and mental health—should be pursued. Positive psychology aims to, â€Å"†¦promote health, happiness, physical fitness, and pleasure, and personal fulfillment through the free pursuit of chosen and valued goals† (Maddux, 2008, p. 68). By shifting toward positive psychology the strengths of people can be used to promote mental health preemptively as well as combat mental illness. At the forefront of the implementation of positive psychology is the innovation of virtual reality (VR) as a means to allow patients to manipulate problematic situations related to his or her mental illness without the use of psychotherapy (Riva, 2009). By creating a safe and comfortable virtual environment patients can explore proactive ways to adapt and mediate his or her mental health problems. Research and Statistics in Clinical Counseling Psychology Rather than approach this section from a structuralist approach (e.g. the ancillary parts of clinical counseling psychology), it seems prudent to offer a specific example of how research and statistics are used and effect clinical counseling psychology. Bakar, Jaafar, Mohamed Tarmizi (2009) sought to establish a correlation between counseling self-efficacy and trainee counselor performance. Their research found that indeed there is a positive relationship (r(100)=.312p.05) and furthermore that a general tendency exists whereby self-efficacy predicts future performance. As Plante (2011) put it, â€Å"The science of clinical psychology informs the art while the art also informs the science† (p. 6). In the case of Bakar’s et al. (2009) research, by using the statistical data collected in their study the art of counseling can be influenced and adapted by the science of research and statistics. Specifically Bakars et al. suggested that the training of supervisors is of paramount importance to trainee self-efficacy, because high competence in the supervisor encourages high competence in the trainee. Conclusion In sum, from the first theory of interplay between the metaphysical and the corporeal to the first postulations of a biological basis for mental illness, the investigation of the human condition has sought an explanation for the relationship between psychology and physiology. As the history of psychology in general progressed there was a tendency to seek out more empirical, scientifically ascertainable explanations of human behavior. However, as clinical psychology rose in the late 19th century and early 20th century an applied approach to mental illness was adopted that emphasized a hands-on method to treatment. Currently there is a shift in clinical psychology toward prevention and human strengths and away from the illness ideology of the past century. This can be seen most readily in the institution of VR as a preemptive approach to mental illness. Research and statistics act for clinical counseling psychology as a compass or corrective instrument to inform the practice and training of clinical counseling psychologists. References Bakar, A.R., Jaafar, W.M., Mohamed, O., Tarmizi, R.A. (2009). The influence of counseling self-efficacy toward trainee counselor performance. International Journal of Learning, 16(8), 247-260. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Education Research Complete database. Maddux, J. E. (2008). Positive psychology and the illness ideology: Toward a positive clinical psychology. Applied Psychology, 57(1), 54-70. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Business Source Complete database. Niles, D.T. (2010). Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Thinkexist.com web site: http://thinkexist.com/quotation/christianity_is_one_beggar_telling_another_beggar/203369.html Plante, T. G. (2011). Contemporary clinical psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons Riva, G. (2009). Virtual reality: An experiential tool for clinical psychology. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 37(3), 337-345. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Education Research Complete database.